waterbycounty

Data centers and water, by county

Where the data center build-out meets America's water limits.

The AI build-out is adding gigawatts of cooling demand county by county. This atlas maps every US county where mapped data centers overlap water-system pressure, scores how much water headroom each county has for more, and lets you model the footprint of a new build anywhere.

Counties with data centers
330
2,147 facilities mapped
Mapped capacity
166.02 GW
across 229 counties (IM3 Atlas)
Constrained markets
59
host data centers, below the suitable line
Water pressure range
10–45
national median 19 of 100

Where growth meets constraint

The collision is already here.

For most US counties, new data center water demand sits well within existing slack. The story is the overlap: places already dense with facilities that also carry the most water pressure. Laramie County, Wyoming is the sharpest example in the data.

Laramie County has no health violations in the last 5 years, extreme drought, low existing industrial water demand.

Laramie County

Wyoming

Moderate pressure
Facilities
22
Mapped MW
4.35 GW
Water pressure
29
View the data-center report

The national picture

Two ways to read the map

Toggle between water pressure (how hard new large-load demand would press on a county's water) and the build-out index (DCWSI, where data-center density meets water stress). Click any county for its verdict and a link to the full report.

Loading map data…

Water pressure is shaded for every US county; the build-out index is shaded for the 318 counties with both mapped facilities and a water-stress score. Tiles via the ByCounty network PMTiles layer.

National water pressureWater pressure (0-100, higher means more strain) estimates how hard new large-load demand would press on a county's water, from drinking-water compliance, drought, and existing industrial demand. It is a neutral measure of the water situation, not a recommendation to build.

Most counties have room. The spread is the story.

On a 0-100 water pressure scale (higher means more strain), counties cluster between 10 and 45, with a median of 19. No county reaches high water pressure today. What matters is the gap between the calmest and the most strained, because that gap is where new gigawatts of demand will be felt first.

DCWSI, the build-out pressure score, is a separate lens: 60% county water stress plus 40% data center density percentile, normalized to 0-100.

Low pressure

Water systems have ample slack before new large-load demand would compete with current uses.

2,36675.3% of counties
Moderate pressure

Some slack remains, but new large-load demand warrants drought and water-rights scrutiny.

77824.7% of counties

Who is building where

Hyperscaler concentration

Mapped facilities attributed to a named operator, across the EPA and OpenStreetMap layers. Counts are mapped footprint, not total fleet size.

AWS
32027 counties
Google
8522 counties
Microsoft
8419 counties
Meta
8124 counties
Oracle
43 counties

Interactive

Model a data center water budget

Size a hypothetical facility, pick a cooling type, and see the estimated daily water draw against a real county industrial baseline. Useful for a first-pass feasibility read before you talk to a utility.

Data Center Water Budget Calculator

Estimate daily water use for a hypothetical facility in Loudoun County, VA.

1 MW1,000 MW
40%100%
799K gallons/dayHigh Impact

Your facility would use 40.8% of this county's industrial water baseline. Verify water rights and long-term drought projections before committing.

40.8% of county industrial baseline1.16 Mgal/day remaining headroom

Based on USGS 2020 water-use data and EPA-standard cooling intensity constants. Not a substitute for site-specific water rights analysis.

Every facility county

The full ranking

Sources and limitations
CountyWater pressure
Fairfax County, VA

AWS

Low pressure91.150414 MW1986.0
Henrico County, VA

Meta

Low pressure90.0342.45 GW1386.0
Pottawattamie County, IA

Google

Low pressure89.3241.18 GW1386.0
Douglas County, NE

Google

Low pressure88.3174.52 GW1586.0
Douglas County, WA

Microsoft

Low pressure87.413914 MW1486.0
Hennepin County, MN

DataBank

Low pressure86.61151 MW1086.0
Dallas County, IA

Microsoft

Low pressure86.110349 MW1286.0
Davidson County, TN

EdgeConneX

Low pressure86.11059 MW1286.0
San Francisco County, CA

AWS

Low pressure85.8936 MW1086.0
Douglas County, GA

Google

Moderate pressure84.98774 MW2686.0
Chesterfield County, VA

Digital Fortress

Low pressure84.981286.0
Warren County, IA

Microsoft

Low pressure83.87982 MW1386.0
Madison County, AL

Meta

Low pressure83.873.25 GW1986.0
Prince William County, VA

AWS

Low pressure82.1852.42 GW1970.6
New Castle County, DELow pressure82.061586.0
Montgomery County, MD

Lincoln Rackhouse

Low pressure82.0629 MW1986.0
Storey County, NV

Switch

Low pressure82.06263 MW1086.0
Shelby County, TN

xAI

Low pressure82.06348 MW1986.0
Cook County, IL

Microsoft

Low pressure81.9431.19 GW1070.8
Loudoun County, VA

AWS

Low pressure81.228211.73 GW1968.6
Dallas County, TX

CoreSpace

Low pressure81.127488 MW1571.8
DuPage County, IL

Centersquare

Low pressure80.626381 MW1071.3
Gwinnett County, GA

Flexential

Low pressure80.65431 MW2186.0
Jackson County, MO

Patmos Hosting, Inc.

Low pressure80.651386.0
Cuyahoga County, OH

T5 Data Centers

Low pressure80.65269 MW1086.0
Philadelphia County, PA

Equinix

Low pressure80.6524 MW1786.0
Sumner County, TN

Meta

Low pressure80.653.78 GW1286.0
Santa Clara County, CA

AWS

Low pressure80.4951.03 GW1067.5
Maricopa County, AZ

Google

Low pressure80.4798.69 GW1468.0
Franklin County, OH

AWS

Low pressure80.4428.42 GW1168.8
Polk County, IA

Meta

Low pressure80.4358.68 GW1369.8
Bexar County, TX

AWS

Moderate pressure79.7421.04 GW3467.5
Washington County, OR

Oracle

Low pressure79.739789 MW1167.7
Hudson County, NJ

Centersquare

Low pressure79.618595 MW1971.1
Collin County, TX

Aligned Data Centers

Low pressure79.418441 MW1570.8
King County, WA

Equinix

Low pressure78.815194 MW1271.1
Snohomish County, WA

Centersquare

Low pressure78.7426 MW1286.0
Jackson County, COModerate pressure78.743586.0
Licking County, OH

AWS

Low pressure78.6386.51 GW1366.5
Alameda County, CA

AWS

Low pressure78.11156 MW1071.9
Fulton County, GA

Google

Low pressure78.027800 MW2366.6
Arapahoe County, CO

AWS

Low pressure78.015102 MW2169.8
Tulsa County, OKLow pressure77.91285 MW2170.4
Middlesex County, MA

AWS

Low pressure77.41652 MW1968.0
Johnson County, KS

DataBank

Low pressure77.310111 MW1271.3
Los Angeles County, CA

AWS

Low pressure77.219120 MW1066.5
Clark County, NV

Google

Low pressure76.4261.06 GW1164.4
St. Louis city, MO

Washington University in St. Louis

Low pressure76.0314 MW1586.0
Salt Lake County, UT

Flexential

Low pressure75.6893 MW1770.4
Ellis County, TX

Google

Low pressure75.518680 MW1964.2
Montgomery County, PA

Flexential

Low pressure75.2942 MW1668.4
Niagara County, NY

US Bitcoin

Low pressure75.0716 MW1071.3
Tarrant County, TX

AWS

Low pressure73.811563 MW1364.6
Travis County, TX

Meta

Moderate pressure73.717425 MW3261.7
Sacramento County, CA

EdgeConneX

Low pressure73.67134 MW1069.0
Baltimore city, MD

AiNET

Low pressure73.567 MW1971.8
Denver County, CO

CoreSite

Moderate pressure73.5614 MW3371.8
Union County, OH

AWS

Low pressure73.29295 MW1365.0
Middlesex County, NJ

Barclays

Low pressure73.115493 MW1961.7
Sarpy County, NE

Google

Low pressure72.2224.84 GW1358.0
Mecklenburg County, NC

Flexential

Moderate pressure72.2554 MW2771.9
Somerset County, NJ

CyrusOne

Low pressure71.715363 MW1959.3
Catawba County, NC

Microsoft

Moderate pressure71.681.28 GW2663.8
Miami-Dade County, FLModerate pressure71.3528 MW3070.4
Anne Arundel County, MD

AWS

Low pressure70.9625 MW1967.5
Mecklenburg County, VA

Microsoft

Moderate pressure70.8102.25 GW2660.4
Utah County, UT

Meta

Low pressure70.875.00 GW2264.4
Dakota County, MN

Meta

Low pressure70.162.19 GW1066.2
Harris County, TX

DXC Technology

Low pressure69.96240 MW2365.8
Jefferson County, ALLow pressure69.84133 MW1371.1
Cobb County, GA

CoreSite

Low pressure69.6282 MW1986.0
Muscogee County, GA

DLI ONE

Moderate pressure69.62107 MW2786.0
Paulding County, GA

Aligned

Low pressure69.621986.0
Jefferson County, KY

Flexential

Low pressure69.6214 MW1086.0
Suffolk County, MALow pressure69.621986.0
Carver County, MN

Flexential

Low pressure69.6227 MW1086.0
Ramsey County, MN

H5

Low pressure69.6222 MW1086.0
Butler County, OH

CyrusOne

Low pressure69.62309 MW1086.0
Frederick County, VALow pressure69.6255 MW1986.0
Williamson County, TN

Flexential

Low pressure69.47453 MW1262.0
Wayne County, MI

Comcast

Low pressure68.9419 MW1369.7
Hillsborough County, FL

Cyxtera

Moderate pressure68.2426 MW2868.4
Fairfield County, OH

Google

Low pressure67.7458 MW1167.7
Durham County, NC

Duke Libraries

Moderate pressure67.332671.5
Milwaukee County, WI

Potawatomi Business Development Corporation

Low pressure67.335 MW1371.5
Orange County, CA

AWS

Low pressure67.3325 MW1071.5
Fauquier County, VA

AWS

Low pressure67.2651 MW1961.3
Multnomah County, OR

Digital Fortress, Inc

Low pressure67.248 MW1366.8
Platte County, MOLow pressure67.182.80 GW1356.3
DeKalb County, IL

Meta

Low pressure66.742.85 GW1366.0
Umatilla County, OR

AWS

Low pressure65.829889 MW2345.9
Berkeley County, SC

Google

Moderate pressure65.8112.09 GW2651.4
Orange County, FL

CoreSite

Low pressure65.7323 MW1968.8
St. Joseph County, IN

AWS

Low pressure65.631068.6
Laramie County, WY

Microsoft

Moderate pressure65.5224.35 GW2946.7
Chelan County, WALow pressure65.23145 MW1368.0
Douglas County, CO

Equinix

Low pressure64.8845 MW2352.5
Fayette County, GA

Quality Technology Services

Moderate pressure64.75114 MW2659.4
Oakland County, MI

EdgeConneX

Low pressure64.748 MW1162.6
Grant County, WA

Microsoft

Low pressure64.2385.35 GW1442.5
Montgomery County, TN

Google

Low pressure63.565.46 GW1655.1
Culpeper County, VA

AWS

Low pressure63.33260 MW1964.8
Newton County, GA

Meta

Moderate pressure63.242.16 GW2660.1
Broomfield County, CO

Oracle

Moderate pressure63.2338 MW3464.6
Madison County, MS

AWS

Low pressure63.163.32 GW1854.5
Warren County, OH

CyrusOne

Low pressure63.1356 MW1064.5
Bell County, TXLow pressure63.131764.5
El Paso County, CO

SAP

Low pressure63.0777 MW1051.3
Lehigh County, PA

TierPoint

Moderate pressure62.7339 MW2663.8
Spokane County, WA

Iron Mountain

Low pressure62.7311 MW1663.8
Worcester County, MALow pressure62.531963.5
Racine County, WI

Microsoft

Low pressure62.432 MW1363.2
San Diego County, CA

American Telephone & Telegraph

Low pressure61.8545 MW1054.6
Allegheny County, PA

DataBank

Low pressure61.6317 MW1062.0
Rutherford County, NC

Meta

Moderate pressure61.561.13 GW2651.8
Duval County, FL

Cologix

Moderate pressure61.126 MW3471.8
Hamilton County, OH

CyrusOne

Low pressure61.129 MW1071.8
Bernalillo County, NM

bigbyte.cc

Low pressure61.01145 MW2543.4
Passaic County, NJ

CyrusOne

Moderate pressure60.7548 MW2752.8
Adams County, CO

Google

Low pressure60.7317 MW2260.4
Mahoning County, OHLow pressure60.7215 MW1371.1
Ada County, ID

Meta

Low pressure60.543.33 GW1355.6
Wake County, NC

Flexential

Moderate pressure60.5439 MW2655.7
Broward County, FL

Flexential

Moderate pressure60.4225 MW2870.6
Essex County, MA

AWS

Low pressure60.2210 MW1970.4
Minnehaha County, SDLow pressure60.2260 MW1970.4
Cass County, NDLow pressure59.825 MW1169.7
Alachua County, FL

University of Florida

Moderate pressure59.627 MW3469.3
Summit County, OHLow pressure59.2212 MW1268.6
Morrow County, OR

AWS

Low pressure59.0381.04 GW1833.9
Lake County, IN

Digital Crossroad

Low pressure59.0223 MW1068.4
Pierce County, WALow pressure58.73412 MW1157.1
Denton County, TXLow pressure58.1264 MW1366.8
Essex County, NJ

Tishman

Low pressure57.9339 MW2055.8
Washoe County, NVLow pressure57.013235 MW1035.4
Dane County, WI

Lumen Technologies

Low pressure57.022 MW1565.0
Crook County, OR

Meta

Low pressure56.8137.36 GW1235.0
Rockland County, NY

Bloomberg

Low pressure56.64159 MW1749.1
Tippecanoe County, INModerate pressure56.323463.8
Oklahoma County, OKModerate pressure56.322763.8
Erie County, NYLow pressure56.128 MW1063.5
Mercer County, NJLow pressure55.421962.3
Frederick County, MDLow pressure54.8213 MW1961.4
Ogle County, ILLow pressure54.521860.8
Deschutes County, OR

Fort Rock Data Center

Low pressure54.122 MW1260.1
Prince George's County, MDLow pressure53.129 MW1958.5
Cleveland County, NC

T5 Data Centers

Moderate pressure53.1276 MW2658.5
DeSoto County, MS

xAI

Low pressure52.92163 MW1958.1
Caldwell County, NC

Google

Moderate pressure52.62681 MW2657.7
Eaton County, MILow pressure51.8219 MW1056.3
Stutsman County, NDLow pressure51.821056.4
Forsyth County, GALow pressure51.6135 MW2486.0
Hancock County, IN

Verizon Wireless

Low pressure51.614 MW1486.0
Morgan County, IN

Google

Low pressure51.611286.0
Marshall County, IALow pressure51.611086.0
Boone County, KYLow pressure51.611086.0
McCracken County, KYLow pressure51.6145 MW1986.0
Monroe County, MILow pressure51.611486.0
Anoka County, MN

Encompass

Low pressure51.6115 MW1086.0
Olmsted County, MNLow pressure51.6110 MW1086.0
Sherburne County, MNLow pressure51.611086.0
Boone County, MOLow pressure51.618 MW1986.0
Pershing County, NV

Google

Low pressure51.611886.0
Union County, NJ

Barclays

Low pressure51.6119 MW1986.0
Delaware County, OHLow pressure51.6162 MW1386.0
Erie County, OH

Aligned Data Centers

Low pressure51.61127 MW1586.0
Grainger County, TNLow pressure51.610 MW1086.0
Henry County, TNLow pressure51.6117 MW1986.0
Dickens County, TXModerate pressure51.613286.0
Uintah County, UTLow pressure51.613 MW2286.0
Hanover County, VALow pressure51.611786.0
Russell County, VALow pressure51.611386.0
Montgomery County, AL

Meta

Low pressure51.611986.0
Pulaski County, ARModerate pressure51.616 MW2786.0
White County, AR

City of Searcy

Moderate pressure51.611 MW3386.0
Cumberland County, ME

FirstLight

Moderate pressure50.4311 MW2943.3
Clay County, MO

Meta

Low pressure49.752.89 GW1334.5
Northampton County, PAModerate pressure49.122651.8
Jackson County, AL

Google

Low pressure48.541.57 GW1935.7
Marion County, OR

CenturyLink

Low pressure48.2214 MW1350.4
Luzerne County, PA

AWS

Low pressure47.221948.6
Albany County, NY

Lumen Technologies

Low pressure46.935 MW1037.4
Montgomery County, TXLow pressure45.4225 MW2445.7
Reeves County, TXLow pressure43.282516.4
Hamilton County, TNLow pressure43.112371.8
Rockingham County, NH

Phillips Exeter Academy

Low pressure43.043 MW1826.4
Clark County, OHLow pressure43.0216 MW1041.6
Hillsborough County, NHLow pressure42.921341.5
Lancaster County, NELow pressure42.911571.5
Spartanburg County, SCModerate pressure42.913071.5
Marion County, INLow pressure42.811371.3
Suffolk County, NYLow pressure42.817 MW1371.3
Howard County, MDLow pressure42.4122 MW1970.6
Navarro County, TXModerate pressure42.242.34 GW2625.1
Louisa County, VA

AWS

Low pressure42.231929.6
Benton County, ARModerate pressure42.222840.3
East Baton Rouge Parish, LALow pressure42.211270.4
Houston County, AL

AngelTrax Mobile Video Surveillance Solutions

Moderate pressure42.212 MW2770.4
Union County, NCModerate pressure42.11122 MW3170.1
Rutherford County, TN

State of Tennessee

Low pressure42.111170.1
Montgomery County, OHLow pressure41.911069.8
District of Columbia, DC

CoreSite

Low pressure41.611969.3
Kanawha County, WV

Alpha Innovations

Low pressure41.611069.3
Mayes County, OKModerate pressure41.523139.2
Macomb County, MI

Dennis Sampier

Low pressure41.211368.6
St. Lawrence County, NY

Clarkson University

Low pressure41.211368.6
Horry County, SCLow pressure41.0118 MW2068.4
Scott County, IALow pressure40.9111 MW1968.2
Valencia County, NM

Meta

Low pressure40.774.97 GW2414.2
Gloucester County, NJLow pressure40.718 MW1967.8
Buffalo County, NEModerate pressure40.3171 MW2667.1
Bergen County, NJ

nyse

Low pressure40.3140 MW2067.1
Wasco County, OR

Google

Low pressure39.96518 MW1315.9
Williamson County, TX

Switch

Moderate pressure39.912866.5
Hampden County, MALow pressure39.811366.4
Rankin County, MSLow pressure39.721936.1
Guilford County, NCModerate pressure39.612666.0
Cumberland County, PALow pressure39.612066.0
Spotsylvania County, VA

AWS

Low pressure39.611966.0
Lake County, IL

VISA

Low pressure39.2111 MW1365.3
Columbiana County, OHLow pressure39.111365.1
Riverside County, CALow pressure39.111065.1
Allen County, INModerate pressure38.912864.8
Bartholomew County, INLow pressure38.511164.2
Norfolk County, MALow pressure38.311863.8
Champaign County, ILModerate pressure38.119 MW3463.5
Napa County, CALow pressure38.0233 MW1033.4
Madison County, ILLow pressure38.010 MW1663.4
Wood County, OH

Meta

Moderate pressure37.914.30 GW3363.2
Ventura County, CALow pressure37.811063.0
Dorchester County, SCLow pressure37.412462.3
Ector County, TXLow pressure37.222132.0
El Paso County, TXLow pressure36.411260.6
Bristol County, MALow pressure36.211560.4
Walton County, GALow pressure35.812259.6
Wichita County, TXLow pressure35.818 MW2359.6
Coshocton County, OHLow pressure35.611359.4
Aiken County, SC

Meta

Low pressure35.51722 MW1559.2
Wise County, VALow pressure35.011258.4
Monmouth County, NJ

Apollo

Low pressure34.515 MW1557.5
St. Louis County, MNLow pressure34.315 MW1957.2
Ward County, TX

IONIC Digital

Low pressure34.11448 MW2556.8
Baltimore County, MD

Expedient

Low pressure34.021926.7
Boulder County, COModerate pressure33.712756.1
Onondaga County, NY

Syracuse University

Low pressure32.412 MW1054.0
Jefferson County, COModerate pressure32.413154.0
Linn County, OR

Stayton Cooperative Telephone Company

Low pressure32.311 MW1353.8
Pima County, AZ

DirecTV

Low pressure32.013 MW1753.4
Rock Island County, ILLow pressure31.911953.1
Campbell County, WYLow pressure31.711 MW1952.9
Berks County, PAModerate pressure31.212652.0
Polk County, FLModerate pressure30.515 MW2650.8
Thurston County, WALow pressure30.512 MW1050.8
Solano County, CALow pressure29.9111 MW1049.9
Medina County, TX

Microsoft

Moderate pressure29.6146 MW3249.4
Bear Lake County, ID

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

Low pressure29.111 MW1948.5
Dunn County, WI

West Wisconsin Telcom

Low pressure28.911 MW1048.2
Moffat County, COModerate pressure28.613547.7
Contra Costa County, CALow pressure28.211047.0
Larimer County, COModerate pressure28.012746.6
Clearfield County, PALow pressure27.911346.5
Roane County, TN

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Low pressure27.912246.5
Calumet County, WI

Involta

Low pressure27.3112 MW1645.5
Whatcom County, WA

CSS Communications

Low pressure27.211 MW1045.3
Taylor County, TXLow pressure26.611944.4
LaPorte County, INLow pressure25.911043.1
Adair County, MO

AT&T

Low pressure25.712542.8
Stanislaus County, CA

Yosemite Community College District

Low pressure25.711 MW1042.9
Walworth County, WI

AT&T

Low pressure25.612 MW1342.7
Yellowstone County, MTLow pressure25.311742.1
Angelina County, TXModerate pressure24.623 MW2611.0
Ellis County, KSLow pressure24.512 MW1040.9
Crittenden County, ARLow pressure24.112040.2
King George County, VALow pressure24.012540.0
Monroe County, IN

Indiana University

Low pressure23.9119 MW1339.8
Hopkins County, KYLow pressure22.9188 MW1338.2
Johnson County, IALow pressure22.711 MW1937.9
Clackamas County, OR

Siemens Digital Industries Software

Low pressure22.615 MW1337.6
Genesee County, MILow pressure21.717 MW1036.1
Strafford County, NH

University of New Hampshire

Moderate pressure21.516 MW2635.9
Washington County, RILow pressure21.111335.2
Washington County, UT

Lumen Technologies

Low pressure21.110 MW1935.1
Muskogee County, OKLow pressure20.5222 MW244.1
Yates County, NY

Greenidge Generation Holdings Inc.

Low pressure20.511734.1
McDonald County, MOModerate pressure20.313133.8
Barber County, KS

SC

Low pressure19.611732.7
Monroe County, OHLow pressure19.511232.5
Westchester County, NYLow pressure19.413 MW1432.4
Dodge County, WI

Meta

Low pressure19.113.65 GW1331.9
Hinds County, MSLow pressure18.612131.0
Armstrong County, TXLow pressure17.812529.7
Lane County, OR

Data Center West, Inc.

Low pressure17.411529.0
Hood County, TX

Marathon Digital Holdings

Low pressure17.01354 MW1828.3
Grafton County, NHLow pressure16.412127.4
Floyd County, KYLow pressure16.313 MW1627.2
Dickey County, ND

Applied Digital

Low pressure15.81541 MW1026.3
Santa Fe County, NM

SONM

Low pressure13.616 MW1922.7
Columbia County, WILow pressure13.410 MW1322.3
Cochise County, AZ

DirecTV

Low pressure13.012 MW1321.7
Ford County, KSLow pressure12.811221.4
San Luis Obispo County, CALow pressure12.811021.3
Marquette County, WILow pressure12.012 MW1220.0
Orange County, NYLow pressure11.812119.7
Jackson County, OR

Data Center West, Inc.

Low pressure11.811319.6
Waukesha County, WI

WE Energies

Low pressure11.719 MW1319.5
Sequoyah County, OKLow pressure11.012018.3
Madison County, IDLow pressure10.514 MW1917.5
Milam County, TXModerate pressure9.61872 MW2716.0
Morgan County, WVLow pressure8.711914.5
Franklin County, NY

2CRSi

Low pressure8.611314.3
Custer County, MT

State of Montana

Low pressure8.112 MW1513.5
Caldwell County, MOLow pressure6.510 MW1610.9
Jones County, TXLow pressure6.412210.7
Richland Parish, LA

Meta

Moderate pressure5.91269.8
Denali Borough, AKLow pressure5.01138.3
Bryan County, OK

Choctaw Nation of oklahoma

Low pressure4.513 MW197.5
Wilbarger County, TXModerate pressure2.81264.7
Granite County, MTLow pressure1.110 MW181.9
Manassas city, VA

AWS

Low pressuren/a719 MW19n/a
New York County, NY

Digital Realty

Low pressuren/a615 MW19n/a
Doña Ana County, NM

WSMR

Low pressuren/a26 MW15n/a
Richmond County, NY

Merrill Lynch

Low pressuren/a227 MW19n/a
Harrisonburg city, VALow pressuren/a2101 MW19n/a
Virginia Beach city, VALow pressuren/a219n/a
Western Connecticut Planning Region, CT

CyrusOne

Low pressuren/a218 MW16n/a
Kings County, NY

Dataverge

Low pressuren/a119n/a
Lynchburg city, VAModerate pressuren/a126n/a
Capitol Planning Region, CTLow pressuren/a119n/a
Greater Bridgeport Planning Region, CT

Digital Realty

Low pressuren/a127 MW16n/a
South Central Connecticut Planning Region, CTLow pressuren/a111 MW22n/a

Showing 330 of 330 counties with mapped data center facilities. Sort by any column; click a county for its full water report.

Methodology and FAQ

How the atlas is built

DCWSI weights county water stress at 60% and data center density at 40%. Water pressure blends drinking-water compliance, drought, and the industrial water baseline into a 0-100 score. Both are county-level screening tools, not facility audits. Read the full methodology.

What does "water pressure" mean here?
Water pressure is a 0-100 county score estimating how hard new large-load water demand would press on a county. It blends recent drinking-water compliance, drought conditions, and the existing industrial water baseline. Higher means more strain on existing uses; lower means more slack. It describes the water situation, not whether a data center should be built.
Which counties have the most data centers in this dataset?
Northern Virginia (led by Loudoun County) holds the densest mapped concentration by facility count, followed by major markets in Texas, Arizona, California, Oregon, and Georgia. AWS accounts for the most mapped facilities nationally, ahead of Google, Microsoft, and Meta.
Where does the facility data come from?
The facility layer combines EPA ECHO active-facility records, EPA Clean Water Act permit records, OpenStreetMap data center features, and the IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas (DOE/PNNL), all geocoded to county FIPS. Capacity estimates and industrial water baselines come from IM3 and USGS 2020 water-use data.
Is this a facility-level water-use audit?
No. DCWSI and water pressure are county-level screening metrics for journalists, researchers, and residents. They do not prove consumptive use, water rights, or utility-specific constraints for any single facility. Treat them as a first pass, then verify locally.
Can reporters embed this on local news pages?
Yes. Every county has a compact iframe at /embed/{FIPS}, and the embed builder below generates paste-ready code for high-ranking counties.

Sources: EPA ECHO, EPA Clean Water Act permits, OpenStreetMap, the IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas (DOE/PNNL), USGS 2020 water-use data, and the WaterByCounty county water dataset. Total permitted discharge across mapped facilities: 1.1M gal/day.

For newsrooms

Embed a county on your site

Drop a live county DCWSI card into any article. Pick a county, copy the iframe, paste it in. No script, no attribution string required.

Reporter embed generator

Select a county to preview the iframe and generate the paste-ready embed.

Embed code

Fairfax County, VA: DCWSI 91.1 with 50 mapped facilities.