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Federal water data

County water report

Buffalo County Water Report

Drinking-water compliance, watershed health, monitoring records, and river conditions for Buffalo County, Wisconsin.

Water grade

F

Water score

36.7

State rank

#39

of 71

Health violations

2

EPA SDWIS, 5-year lookback

Watershed impaired

6.5%

387 water bodies assessed

Monitoring sites

68

4,524 recent measurements

Live streamflow

No gauge

Primary USGS station not mapped

Water at a glance

Key Water Indicators for Buffalo County

EPA SDWIS

Safety Grade

F

Score: 36.7 / 100

EPA SDWIS

Active Violations

2

5-year health-based lookback

EPA ATTAINS

Watershed Health

7% impaired

387 bodies assessed

USGS NWIS

Streamflow Snapshot

No gauge

Primary USGS gauge not mapped

EPA WQP

Monitoring Sites

68

4,524 recent readings

Source: EPA SDWIS · Safe Drinking Water Information System

Drinking Water Compliance

Compliance grade

F

Based on EPA SDWIS compliance history.

Water score

Higher scores indicate cleaner recent compliance records.

36.7/100

Health violations

2

Health-based violations

Violations per 100K served

41.5

Population-normalized SDWIS rate

Editorial analysis

Understanding Buffalo County’s Water

Drinking Water Quality Overview

EPA SDWIS

Buffalo County's water systems carry a failing grade, scoring 36.7 out of 100. Over the past five years, EPA SDWIS records 2 health-based violations — a small cluster that warrants attention.

Watershed Conditions

EPA ATTAINS

Under the Clean Water Act §303(d), EPA ATTAINS tracks whether waterways meet quality standards for drinking, recreation, and aquatic life (reporting cycle: 2022). A small share — 6.5% — of assessed waterways are impaired (25 of 387 water bodies) across Buffalo County's watersheds. The leading impairment causes are phosphorus, total and total suspended solids (tss). Impairment does not mean tap water is unsafe — it measures ambient waterway conditions upstream of treatment, not finished drinking water.

Monitoring Network

EPA WQP

EPA's Water Quality Portal (WQP) aggregates monitoring data from federal, state, and tribal agencies. Buffalo County has extensive coverage with 68 active monitoring sites with 4,524 recent measurements on record. Predominant monitoring categories include physical and organics, pesticide. More monitoring sites generally indicate greater scientific attention to local water conditions — and provide the baseline data that regulators use to set future impairment listings.

Editorial advisory

What the data suggests for Buffalo County

Water Verdict

Buffalo County receives a poor water quality assessment with a grade of F and a score of 36.7 out of 100. The water supply has documented quality issues. Residents are strongly encouraged to use filtered or bottled water for drinking and to stay informed about utility improvement plans.

Violation Context

Buffalo County has recorded 2 health-based violations, indicating multiple instances where federal contaminant limits or treatment requirements were not met. At 41.5 violations per 100,000 people served, this rate is high and signals significant water quality management issues.

Consumer Guidance

Drinking-water compliance in Buffalo County is rated Grade F, reflecting significant health-based violations in the recent reporting period. Buffalo County's drinking-water compliance score is 36.7 out of 100. The violation rate for Buffalo County is 41.5 per 100,000 people served. An NSF 53 or NSF 58-certified filter is recommended for drinking and cooking water. Check the Consumer Confidence Report from your utility to identify the specific contaminants and required corrective actions — utilities are legally required to notify customers of violations. Phosphorus, Total is the leading impairment cause in Buffalo County's watershed. With 68 active water-quality monitoring sites in Buffalo County, data coverage is strong.

Regional Context

Buffalo County has water quality close to the average county in Wisconsin. Its water score is within 2.8 points of the state average, meaning its overall water system performance is broadly representative of Wisconsin as a whole.

Advisory text summarizes county-level public records and is not a replacement for your utility's current Consumer Confidence Report or direct local notices.

Contaminants & Resources

Key issues flagged in Buffalo County's water environment

Watershed Impairment Causes (EPA ATTAINS)

  • 1

    Phosphorus (excess nutrients)

    Impairment cause per EPA Clean Water Act §303(d) assessment

  • 2

    Total Suspended Solids (Tss)

    Impairment cause per EPA Clean Water Act §303(d) assessment

  • 3

    Cause Unknown

    Impairment cause per EPA Clean Water Act §303(d) assessment

Source: EPA ATTAINS · Reporting cycle 2022

Official EPA Resources for Buffalo County

EPA How's My Waterway

Interactive watershed health data for Buffalo County

EPA ECHO: Drinking Water Systems

Search water utilities and violation records for Buffalo County

Consumer Confidence Reports (WI)

Annual water quality reports from utilities in Wisconsin

Clean Water Act §303(d)

Watershed Health

Impaired Water Bodies

6.5%

25 of 387 assessed

Mostly healthy

Top Impairment Causes

  • 1

    PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL

  • 2

    TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS)

  • 3

    CAUSE UNKNOWN

Source: EPA ATTAINS · Reporting cycle 2022

Impairment is determined under the Clean Water Act §303(d): a water body is impaired when it fails to meet state-defined quality standards for designated uses (drinking, recreation, aquatic life). Assessment coverage varies by state; counties without assessed water bodies are not shown.

Past 5 years

Water Quality Monitoring

Monitoring Sites

68

Active in the past 5 years

Measurements Recorded

4.5K

4,524 total readings

Most Measured

  • Physical
  • Organics, Pesticide
  • Sediment

Categories measured most frequently

Data from the EPA Water Quality Portal (WQP), aggregating monitoring records from federal, state, and tribal sources. Each measurement represents a single sample analyzed for a specific characteristic (e.g., E. coli, pH, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen).

Free tool

Estimate Your Water Costs

Water Cost Estimate

3

3 people  ·  ~225 gal/day

Annual Total

$558

Monthly

$47

Water Bill

$558/yr

Filter Cost

$0/yr

Safety Grade for Buffalo County:C — Moderate

Some violations or watershed impairment detected.

Estimates use the national average residential water rate ($0.0068/gal, EPA/AWWA 2023) and EPA WaterSense per-person consumption baseline (75 gal/person/day). Actual bills vary by utility, usage tier, and local infrastructure fees. For informational purposes only.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the water quality in Buffalo County, Wisconsin?
Buffalo County, Wisconsin has a drinking-water quality grade of F with a score of 36.7/100, based on EPA SDWIS compliance data. The county has 2 health-based drinking water violations over the past 5 years. Watershed health, monitoring records, and streamflow snapshots are reported separately on this page.
Are there any water violations in Buffalo County?
Buffalo County has 2 health-based drinking water violations recorded by the EPA over the past 5 years. Health-based violations indicate instances where contaminant levels exceeded EPA Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs). Violations may have been resolved — check with your local water utility for current status.
How healthy are the watersheds in Buffalo County?
EPA ATTAINS assessments under Clean Water Act §303(d) indicate 6.5% of Buffalo County's 387 assessed water bodies are classified as impaired (25 impaired). The top reported causes are PHOSPHORUS, TOTAL, TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS), CAUSE UNKNOWN. Impairment means the water body fails to meet state quality standards for at least one designated use — drinking water source, recreation, aquatic life, or fish consumption. Note: watershed impairment doesn't always translate to tap-water issues; treatment plants can remove most regulated contaminants.
How much water-quality monitoring happens in Buffalo County?
EPA's Water Quality Portal records 4,524 measurements from 68 monitoring sites in Buffalo County over the past five years. The most frequently measured characteristic groups are Physical, Organics, Pesticide, Sediment. Each measurement is a single sample analyzed for one characteristic (E. coli, pH, dissolved oxygen, etc.). High monitoring density means more scientific evidence behind any reported signal — it does not by itself indicate water quality.
How does Buffalo County water compare to the Wisconsin average?
Buffalo County's SDWIS water quality score of 36.7/100 is lower than the Wisconsin state average of 39.5. The average water quality grade across Wisconsin is F, based on data from 71 counties with available SDWIS data.
Is tap water safe to drink in Buffalo County?
Based on EPA SDWIS data, Buffalo County has a water quality grade of F (36.7/100). This indicates below-average compliance with significant violations. Residents may want to consider home water filtration or independent testing. The grade speaks to the public water system, not the watershed — for watershed-level concerns, see the Watershed Health zone. For the most up-to-date information, contact your local water utility or review your Consumer Confidence Report (CCR).
Does Buffalo County have clean drinking water?
Buffalo County has 2 health-based drinking water violations according to EPA records. With a water quality score of 36.7/100 and grade F, the county's drinking water has had some compliance issues but continues to be monitored. Note: drinking-water compliance speaks to the public water system, not necessarily to the watershed itself — check the Watershed Health zone for ATTAINS §303(d) data.
How does Buffalo County rank for water quality in Wisconsin?
Buffalo County ranks #39 out of 71 counties in Wisconsin by SDWIS water quality score (1 = best). With a score of 36.7/100, it falls in the middle third of counties statewide. The ranking reflects EPA SDWIS compliance only — not watershed impairment, monitoring density, or streamflow, which are tracked separately on this page.

Counties with Similar Water Quality

Oneida County

Wisconsin

F

36.6

Water score

Monroe County

Wisconsin

F

37.3

Water score

Green County

Wisconsin

F

39.1

Water score

Data Sources

Drinking-water compliance data from the EPA Safe Drinking Water Information System (SDWIS) via the ECHO enforcement database. Scores reflect compliance history and health-based violation counts.

Watershed health and impaired-waterway data from the EPA ATTAINS Clean Water Act §303(d) assessments, state-reported and EPA-finalized.

Water-quality monitoring counts from the EPA Water Quality Portal (WQP), federated USGS, EPA, and state agency sampling records over a rolling 5-year window.

Disclaimer: This data is informational only. It is not health, legal, or professional advice. For concerns about your specific water supply, contact your local water utility.

By Evan Brooks, Data EditorUpdated Reviewed by Evan Brooks, Data Editor

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